Chapter 9: Hydrocarbons (CBSE Class 11)

  • Organic compounds composed of only C and H are called hydrocarbons.
  • The main sources of hydrocarbons are natural gas, petroleum and coal.
  • Depending upon the types of carbon-carbon bonds present, hydrocarbons can be classified into three main categories
    • Saturated hydrocarbons
    • Unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • Aromatic hydrocarbons
  • Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds. If different carbon atoms are joined together to form an open chain of carbon atoms with single bonds, they are termed as Alkanes. On the other hand, if the carbon atoms form a closed chain or a ring, they are termed as cycloalkanes. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds (double bonds or triple bonds or both) Aromatic hydrocarbons are a special type of cyclic compounds.

Structure of Alkanes

Isomerism

Preparation of Alkanes

Physical Properties of Alkanes

Chemical Properties of Alkanes

Conformations

Isomerism

Structure of Alkenes

Preparation of Alkenes

Physical Properties of Alkenes

Chemical Properties of Alkenes

Isomerism

Structure of Alkynes

Preparation of Alkynes

Physical Properties of Alkynes

Chemical Properties of Alkynes

Nomenclature

Isomerism

Structure of Benzene

Huckel Rule of Aromaticity

Preparation of Benzene

Physical Properties of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Chemical Properties of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Directive Influence of a Functional Group in Mono-Substituted Benzene