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Chapter 9: Hydrocarbons (CBSE Class 11)
Introduction
- Organic compounds composed of only C and H are called hydrocarbons.
- The main sources of hydrocarbons are natural gas, petroleum and coal.
Classification of Hydrocarbons
- Depending upon the types of carbon-carbon bonds present, hydrocarbons can be classified into three main categories
- Saturated hydrocarbons
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Aromatic hydrocarbons
- Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds. If different carbon atoms are joined together to form an open chain of carbon atoms with single bonds, they are termed as Alkanes. On the other hand, if the carbon atoms form a closed chain or a ring, they are termed as cycloalkanes. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds (double bonds or triple bonds or both) Aromatic hydrocarbons are a special type of cyclic compounds.