Chapter 6: Equilibrium (CBSE Class 11)

Introduction

• Equilibrium can be established for both physical processes and chemical reactions.
• The mixture of reactants and products in the equilibrium state is called an equilibrium mixture.
• At equilibrium, two opposing processes (forward and reverse) take place at equal rates hence it is called dynamic equilibrium.
• Equilibrium involving ions in aqueous solutions is called ionic equilibrium.

Equilibrium in Physical Processes

Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium

Laws of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant

Homogeneous Equilibria

Heterogeneous Equilibria

Applications of Equilibrium Constants

Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G

Factors Affecting Equilibria

Ionic Equilibrium in Solution

Acids, Bases and Salts

Ionisations of Acids and Bases

Buffer Solutions

Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts